Includes bibliographical references and index.

Part I. Quantum entanglement and non-locality: 1. Non-locality beyond quantum mechanics / Sandu Popescu; 2. Entanglement and subsystems, entanglement beyond subsystems, and all that / Lorenza Viola and Howard Barnum; 3. Formalism locality in quantum theory and quantum gravity / Lucien Hardy -- Part II. Quantum probability: 4. Bell's inequality from the contextual probabilistic viewpoint / Andrei Khrennikov; 5. Probabilistic theories: what is special about quantum mechanics? / Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano; 6. What probabilities tell about quantum systems, with application to entropy and entanglement / John M. Myers and F. Hadi Madjid; 7. Bayesian updating and information gain in quantum measurements / Leah Henderson -- Part III. Quantum information: 8. Schumacher information and the philosophy of physics / Arnold Duwell; 9. From physics to information theory and back / Wayne C. Myrvold; 10. Information, immaterialism, and instrumentalism: old and new in quantum information / Christopher G. Timpson -- Part IV. Quantum communication and computing: 11. Quantum computation: where does the speed-up come from? / Jeffrey Bub; 12. Quantum mechanics, quantum computing and quantum cryptography Tai Tsun Wu.

"Recent work in quantum information science has produced a revolution in our understanding of quantum entanglement. Scientists now view entanglement as a physical resource with many important applications. These range from quantum computers, which would be able to compute exponentially faster than classical computers, to quantum cryptographic techniques, which could provide unbreakable codes for the transfer of secret information over public channels. These important advances in the study of quantum entanglement and information touch on deep foundational issues in both physics and philosophy. This interdisciplinary volume brings together fourteen of the world's leading physicists and philosophers of physics to address the most important developments and debates in this exciting area of research. It offers a broad spectrum of approaches to resolving deep foundational challenges - philosophical, mathematical, and physical - raised by quantum information, quantum processing, and entanglement. This book is ideal for historians, philosophers of science and physicists"--Provided by publisher.

"Entanglement can be understood as an extraordinary degree of correlation between states of quantum systems - a correlation that cannot be given an explanation in terms of something like a common cause. Entanglement can occur between two or more quantum systems, and the most interesting case is when these correlations occur between systems that are space-like separated, meaning that changes made to one system are immediately correlated with changes in a distant system even though there is no time for a signal to travel between them.1 In this case one says that quantum entanglement leads to non-local correlations, or non-locality. More precisely, entanglement can be defined in the following way"--Provided by publisher.